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Examples of Commercial Products and Generic Names
| Acephate | | (Asophate, Sephate, Orthene) |
| Azinophos Methyl | | (Gusathion M) |
| Cadusafos | | (Rugby) |
| Chlorfenvinphos | | (Birlane) |
| Chlorpyriphos | | (Lorsban, Nurelle-D, Kurifast Pyrifos, Cyren) |
| Chlorpyriphos methyl | | (Reldan) |
| Dichlorvos | | (De De Vap. Dimetaxal, Fotek, Phosvit, Vapona, Nokovos,
Vision, Nicavos) |
| Dimethoate | | (Chemathoate,Dimetaxal, Higonet, Luxagan, Perfekthion,
Rogar. Roxion, Systoate, Stinger', |
| Dimethoate + Endosulfan | | (Aflix) |
| Disulfoton | | (Agrilex, Disystone, Solvirex) |
| Diazinon | | (Basudin) |
| Ethion | | (Ethion) |
| Formathion | | (Anthio) |
| Fenitrothion | | (Sumithion) |
| Mononcrotophos | | (Azodrin, Azofas Apadrin Monophos, Nokout.
Suncrotophos. Tiger, Titophos) |
| Methidathion | | (Supracide) |
| Methamidophos | | (Grip, Monitor; Pandaphos, Sundaphos,Shangnong,
Tamaron, Chaser, Jiangmen) |
| Methylparathion | | (Assomido, Folidol, Pillaron, Paramet, Jiashou) |
| Malathion | | (Emmatos, Fyfanon, MLT.) |
| Methamidophos + Cyfluthrin | | (Baythriod, TM.) |
| Methamidophos + Beta -Cyfluthrin | | (Magnum) |
| Oxydemetion Methyl | | (Metasystox R) |
| Profenofos | | (Curacron, Polytrin C) |
| Phorate | | (Thimet) |
| Pirimiphos | | (Actellic) |
| Pyrazophos | | (Afugan) |
| Phenthoate | | (Cidial) |
| Prothoate + Dimethoate | | (Facron-s) |
| Ounaiphos | | (Ekalux) |
| Trichlorfon | | (Dipterex) |
| Triazophos | | (Deltaphos, Hostathion) |
Pharmacological Action or Site of Toxicity
Anticholinesterase
(Irreversible)
Routes of Absorption
Ingestion
Inhalation
DermalWHO Hazard Classification
class I-IIISymptoms
| MILD | Anorexia, headache,
dizziness, weakness anxiety, tremors of
tongue and eyelids, miosis, impairment of visual |
| MODERATE | Nausea, salivation, lacrimation, abdominal cramps,
vomiting, sweating, slow pulse, muscular tremors. |
| SEVERE | Diarrhea, pinpoint and
non-reactive pupils, respiratory
difficulty, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, loss of sphincter control convulsions, coma and heart block. |
Treatment
SPEED IS IMPERATIVE.
- Persons giving First aid should avoid contact with contaminated clothing and
vomitus.
- Maintain adequate respiratory and cardiac functions. Keep airway open.
- Aspirate, use oxygen, insert endotracheal tube. Artificial respiration and
tracheotomy in severe cases.
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INJECT MASSIVE DOSES OF ATROPINE I.V
(1-3 mg) EVERY 5-10MINUTES UNTIL SIGNS OF ATROPINIZATION OCCUR.
Signs
of atropinization include dry, flushed skin, pupillary size of at least
4 mm, & heart rate of 120/min. Do not give atropine to a cyanotic patient. Give artificial respiration first than administer atropine
I. M. or S.C. Atropine prophylaxis is not recommended. Maintain atropinization for at least
24- 48 hours and carefully observe the patient as the drug is withdrawn
- It may be necessary to recommence treatment if signs of poisoning returns.
- Draw blood for cholinesterase test, preferably before Antidote (2 PAM
or Toxogonin) are given.
- If available, protopam chloride, (2-PAM or Toxogonin), 1 gm I.V. slowly
over a period of 5 minutes, Give second dose of 500 mg, in 30 minutes if muscle weakness persists. This drug must NOT be used as an alternative or in preference to atropine the use of which is ESSENTIAL.
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AVOID MORPHINE, TEHOPHYLLIN AMINOPHYLLINE, BARBITURATES OR
PHENOTHIAZINES.
- For skin contact, wash with soap and water. Wear rubber gloves while
washing contact areas.
- For ingestion, lavage with activated charcoal slurry (100 gm charcoal in
150 ml water).
- Because of re-absorption of these compounds from fatty tissue, treatment
of exposed people should continue for several days. Patient must remain atropinised for sufficient length of time (24?48 hrs.) Drug treatment may be required for upto 10 days in sever cases.
- Keep patient strictly at rest.
Lab Tests
Red cell cholinesterase test.
Levels 30-50% of normal indicate exposure, although
symptoms may not appear until the level falls to 20% or less, urine
p-nitrophenol may indicate exposure to parathinon, chlorthion, ethion and
EPN.
Serum cholinesterase test to be done.
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|  Pakistan Agricultural
Pesticides Association
909-910, Park Avenue, P.E.C.H.S.,
Shahrah-e-Faisal,
Karachi-75400
Tel:454 1562 Fax:454 6131
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